/*

   Derby - Class org.apache.derbyTesting.functionTests.util.SecurityCheck

   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.

 */

package org.apache.derbyTesting.functionTests.util;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.SortedMap;
import java.util.TreeMap;

import junit.framework.Assert;


/**
 * Code to aid in checking the Security of Derby.
 * This initial implementation only handles the emebdded code.
 * Future work could expand to the client driver and network server.
 */
public class SecurityCheck {
	
	/**
	 * List of classes in the public api for the embedded engine.
	 */
	private static final String[] EMBEDDED_PUBLIC_API =
	{
		"org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver",
		"org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDataSource",
		"org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedSimpleDataSource",
		"org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedConnectionPoolDataSource",
		"org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedXADataSource",
		"org.apache.derby.authentication.UserAuthenticator",
	};
	
	/**
	 * Is the passed in class part of the declared public api.
	 * Currently only the emebdded public api
	 * @param c class to be checked
	 * @return true if the class is part of the public api, false otherwise.
	 */
	private static boolean isPublicApi(Class c)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < EMBEDDED_PUBLIC_API.length; i++)
		{
			if (EMBEDDED_PUBLIC_API[i].equals(c.getName()))
				return true;
		}
		return false;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Map of all classes that have been inspected.
	 * The key is the class name, if the value is null then
	 * the class is being inspected. Otherwise the value is
	 * a String description of the risks.
	 */
	private static final SortedMap allInspectedClasses = new TreeMap();
	
	/**
	 * Perform security analysis of the public api for the embedded engine.
	 * Prints a report to System.out on completion.
	 * @throws ClassNotFoundException
	 */
	public static void checkEmbeddedPublicApi() throws ClassNotFoundException
	{
		System.out.println("SecurityCheck: embedded public api classes");
		allInspectedClasses.clear();
		for (int i = 0; i < EMBEDDED_PUBLIC_API.length; i++)
			SecurityCheck.inspectClass(EMBEDDED_PUBLIC_API[i]);

		SecurityCheck.report(true);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Produce a report on System.out of all inspected classes
	 * that have risks associated with them.
	 *
	 */
	public static void report()
	{
        SecurityCheck.report(false);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Produce a report on System.out of all inspected classes
	 * that have risks associated with them. If reportClear is
	 * true then additionally all classes that have been inspected
	 * will be returned.
	 *
	 */
	private static void report(boolean reportClear)
	{
		synchronized (allInspectedClasses)
		{
		for (Iterator it = allInspectedClasses.keySet().iterator(); it.hasNext(); )
		{
			Object key = it.next();
			Object value = allInspectedClasses.get(key);
			if (value == null)
			{
				if (reportClear)
				    System.out.println("CLEAR: " + key);
			}
			else
			{
				System.out.print(value);
			}
		}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Inspect a class for security risks. No output is generated
	 * by this call, the caller must call report() to obtain the risks.
	 * @param className
	 * @throws ClassNotFoundException
	 */
	public static void inspectClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException
	{			
		SecurityCheck.inspectClass(Class.forName(className), null);
	}	
	
	/**
	 * Inspect the class of the passed in Object for security risks.
	 * This inspects, at this level only, the actual type of
	 * the object, not the declared type. E.g. for DriverManager.getConnection
	 * the declared type is java.sql.Connection which has no security risks,
	 * but the implementation type returned may have many.
	 * 
	 * <code>
	 * Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
	 * // will inspect the implementation call, eg. EmbedConnection30
	 * SecurityManager.inspect(conn);
	 * </code>
	 * No output is generated by this call,
	 * the caller must call report() to obtain the risks.
	 * @param o Obejct to be inspected
	 * @param declared the declared type of the object. 
	 */
    public static void assertSourceSecurity(Object o, String declared)
    {
        Assert.assertNotNull(o);
        Assert.assertTrue(SecurityCheck.inspectClass(o.getClass(), declared));
    }
    
	/**
	 * Inspect a Derby class for security risks. This includes following potential
	 * references exposed through the class.
	 * <P>
	 * Risks looked at:
	 * <UL>
	 * <LI> public constructors in non-public class - 
	 * No justification for the constructor to be public.
	 * <LI> public constructors in non-final class and non-sealed package -
	 * Allows the class to be sub-classes through a injected class in
	 * the same package.
	 * <LI> public non-final field - Allows any one with a handle to
	 * the object to change the field.
     * </UL>
	 * <P>
	 * The type of any public field or return type of any public method
	 * is also inspected. The assumption is that if such a field or method
	 * exists they have the potential to be called and return a valid object.
	 * <P>
	 * Note that this inspection is through the declared type of exposed
	 * references, not the actual runtime type. The actual runtime type
	 * might expose other classes that should be inspected.
	 * @param c the class to inspect
	 * @throws ClassNotFoundException
	 */
	private static boolean inspectClass(Class c, String declared)
	{		
		if (!c.getName().startsWith("org.apache.derby."))
			return false;
		
		// Initial focus on embedded engine
		if (c.getName().startsWith("org.apache.derby.client."))
			return false;
		
		synchronized (allInspectedClasses)
		{
		if (allInspectedClasses.containsKey(c.getName()))
			return true;
		
		allInspectedClasses.put(c.getName(), null);
				
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		
		sb.append("Class ");
		sb.append(c.getName());
		sb.append('\n');
		
		if (declared != null)
		{
			allInspectedClasses.put(declared, "Checked class declared as: " + declared + "\n");
			
		}

		boolean isPublicApi = SecurityCheck.isPublicApi(c);
	
		boolean hasIssues = false;
		
		boolean isSealed = c.getPackage().isSealed();
		boolean isFinal = Modifier.isFinal(c.getModifiers());
		boolean isPublic = Modifier.isPublic(c.getModifiers());
		boolean isAbstract = Modifier.isAbstract(c.getModifiers());
		
		Constructor[] constructors = c.getConstructors();
		
		boolean hasPublicConstructor = constructors.length != 0;
		
		if (hasPublicConstructor && !isPublic)
		{
			hasIssues = true;
			
			// No reason for a public constructor in a non-public class
			sb.append("..public constructors in non-public class\n");
			
			// class can be sub-classed even though it is not public
			if (!isFinal && !isSealed)
				sb.append("..public constructors in non-final class and non-sealed package\n");
		}
		
		if (hasPublicConstructor && isPublic)
		{
			// TODO: Need to work on these checks.
			if (!isPublicApi)
			{
			    //hasIssues = true;
			
			    // anyone can create instances of this class
			    //sb.append("..public constructors in public class\n");
			}

			// and anyone can sub-class this class
			if (!isFinal)
			{
				//hasIssues = true;
				//sb.append("..public constructors in public non-final class\n");
			}
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < constructors.length; i++)
		{
			if (hasIssues)
			{
				sb.append("..public constructor: ");
				sb.append(constructors[i].toString());
				sb.append('\n');
			}
		}
		
		Field[] fields = c.getFields();
		for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
		{
			Field f = fields[i];
			boolean isStatic = Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers());
						
			Class fieldType = f.getType();
			SecurityCheck.inspectClass(fieldType, null);
			
			if (Modifier.isFinal(f.getModifiers()))
			{
				// TODO: Should this be a concern if non-static?
				continue;
			}
			
			hasIssues = true;
			sb.append("..public non-final field: ");
			sb.append(f.toString());
			sb.append('\n');
		}

		Method[] methods = c.getMethods();
		for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++)
		{
			Method m = methods[i];
						
			Class methodType = m.getReturnType();
			if (SecurityCheck.inspectClass(methodType, null))
			{
				// method returns a class of interest to us.
				
				// just a method returning a public api
				if (SecurityCheck.isPublicApi(methodType))
					continue;
				
				/*
				 * Not sure this is a vaild risk.
				hasIssues = true;
				sb.append("..public method returning non-public api class: ");
				sb.append(m.toString());
				sb.append("\n");
				*/
			}
			
		}		
		if (hasIssues)
			allInspectedClasses.put(c.getName(), sb.toString());
		}
		
		return true;
		
	}
}
